Kurva kemungkinan produksi
Batas kemampuan suatu masyarakat untuk memproduksi barang dan jasa dapat dengan lebih jelas lagi ditunjukkan dengan menggunakan grafik yang menunjukkan kurva kemungkinan produksi. Dalam melukiskan kurva tersebut akan digunakan pemisalan-pemisalan dan angka-angka produksi barang industri dan barang pertanian. Langkah pertama yang harus dibuat dalam usaha untuk melukiskan kurva kemungkinan produksi adalah menentukan keadaan-keadaan yang ditunjukkan dalam suatu grafik.
Membentuk Kurva Kemungkinan Produksi
Dalam Gambar, sumbu tegak menunjukkan nilai produksi barang pertanian dan sumbu dasar menunjukkan nilai produksi barang industri. Setiap titik pada kurva ABCDE menggambarkan gabungan produksi barang pertanian dan barang industri yang akan diproduksi apabila faktor-faktor produksi sepenuhnya digunakan. Sebagai contoh, titik C menggambarkan perekonomian itu hanya mampu menghasilkan 9 barang industri dan 3 barang pertanian apabila faktor-faktor produksi sepenuhnya digunakan.
Titik A, B, C dan titik-titik lainnya menggambarkan gabungan produksi barang industri dan barang pertanian seperti yang ditunjukkan. Kurva yang digambarkan melalui titik A,B,C,D dan E dinamakan kurva kemungkinan produksi atau batas kemungkinan produksi. Kurva ini menggambarkan batas produksi yang paling maksimum yang dapat diproduksi dalam perekonomian. Setiap titik dalam kurva itu menggambarkan gabungan produksi maksimum barang industri dan barang pertanian yang dapat diproduksi. Sekiranya perekonomian itu menginginkan lebih banyak barang industri maka untuk memnuhinya produksi barang pertanian harus dikurangi. Dan sebaliknya, sekiranya diinginkan lebih banyak barang pertanian, produksi barang industri harus dikurangi.
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